Bioactive compounds I

Bioactive compound	IUPAC NAME	ChemicalFormula	Structure	Molar Mass	Uses
Tannic acid	[2,3-dihydroxy-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxycarbonyl]phenyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	C76H52O46		1701.2 g/mol	Applied as medicinal agents for the treatment of burns
Catechin	(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol	C15H14O6		290.26 g/mol	Resistance of LDL to oxidation, brachial artery dilation increased plasma antioxidant activity, and fat oxidation
Gallic acid	3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid	C6H2(OH)3COOH		170.12 g/mol	Antioxidant and potential hepatoprotective effects
Cinnamic acid	trans-3-Phenylacrylic acid	C9H8O2		148.1586 g/mol	Is a precursor to the sweetener aspartame by the means of enzyme catalysed amination to phenylalanine
p-Coumaric acid	4-Hydroxycinnamic acid.	C9H8O3		164.0473 g/mol	Antioxidant properties and potentially reduce the risk of stomach cancer
Gallocatechin gallate	(2R,3R)-5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate	‎C22H18O11		458.372 g/mol	Cholesterol reduction
Quercetin	2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one	C15H10O7		302.236 g/mol	Promotes overall cardiovascular health by encouraging blood flow
Ferulic acid	3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid	C10H10O4		194.18 g/mol	Antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, modulation of enzyme activity, antiviral and vasodilatory actions
Trans-α carotene	1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaen-1-yl]cyclohexen	C40H56		536.9 g/mol	Precursor to vitamin A
Trans-β carotene	1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohexene	C40H56		536.9 g/mol	Reduce the risk of CVD and cancer
Violaxanthin	(1R,3S,6S)-6-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol	‎C40H56O4		600.9 g/mol	Used as a food dye
Cryptoxanthin	(1R)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-ol	C40H56O		552.85 g/mol	Food colourant might reduce the risk of lung cancer
Serotonin	3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol	C10H12N2O		176.21 g/mol	Might contribute to feelings of well-being and happiness
Dopamine	4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol	C8H11NO2		153.18 g/mol	Reduce the plasma oxidative stress and enhance the resistance to oxidative modification of LDL
Catecholamines	4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol]	C8H9NO2R2		151.163g/mol	Increases blood pressure, glucose levels, and heart beat rate
β-Sitosterol	17-(5-Ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	C29H50O		414.71 g/mol	Potential to reduce blood cholesterol levels and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Campesterol	(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	C28H48O		400.7 g/mol	Reduces the absorption of cholesterol in the human intestines
stigmasterol	(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	C29H48O		412.7 g/mol	Reduces the absorption of cholesterol in the human intestines

References:

Rinah K. Netshiheni, A. O. (n.d.). Banana Bioactives: Absorption,Utilisation and Health Benefits. IntechOpen.

Zafar, J. S. (2018). Bioactive compounds in banana fruits and their. Food Quality and Safety, 183–188.

Maharani Laillyza Apriasari, I. a. (2014). Bioactive Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract Mauli Bananas (Musa sp) Stem . International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 4(2)110-115.

Maraschin, A. P. (2015). Banana (Musa spp) from Peel to Pulp: Ethnopharmacology, Source of Bioactive Compounds and its Relevance for Human Health. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149-163.